Discover our articles published in journals, papers presented at conferences and book/book chapters.

Journal Articles

1. Fenton, S. ‘An ultra-low energy solution for large-scale distributed audio monitoring‘, IEEE Access, 11, 2156-2163, 2023.
2. Rafaely, B., Tourbabin, V., Habets, E., Ben-Hur, Z., Lee, H., Gamper, H., Arbel, L., Birnie, L., Abhayapala, T. & Samarasinghe, P. ‘Spatial audio signal processing for binaural reproduction of recorded acoustic scenes – review and challenges’, Acta Acustica united with Acustica. 6, 19 p., 47, 2022.
3. Zielinski, S. K., Antoniuk, P. and Lee, H. ‘Spatial Audio Scene Characterization (SASC): Automatic Localization of Front-, Back-, Up-, and Down- Positioned Music Ensembles in Binaural Recordings’, Applied Sciences. 12, 3, 23 p., 1569, 2022.
4. Zieliński, S., Antoniuk, P., Lee, H. & Johnson, D., ‘Automatic discrimination between front and back ensemble locations in HRTF-convolved binaural recordings of music’, Eurasip Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing. 2022, 1, 29 p., 3.
5. Eaton, C. and Lee, H., ‘Subjective Evaluations of Three-Dimensional, Surround and Stereo Loudspeaker Reproductions using Classical Music Recordings’, Acoustical Science and Technology. 43, 2, p. 149-161, 2022.
6. Lee, H. and Johnson, D., ‘3D Microphone Array Comparison: Objective Measurements’, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. 69, 11, p. 871-887, 2021.
7. Parker, A., & Fenton, S. ‘Musical Mix Clarity Prediction Using Decomposition and Perceptual Masking Thresholds‘. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(20), 2021.
8. Bacila, B. and Lee, H., ‘Listener-Position and Orientation Dependency of Auditory Perception in an Enclosed Space: Elicitation of Salient Attributes’, Applied Sciences. 11, 4, p.1570, 2021.
9. Lee, H. ‘Multichannel 3D Microphone Array: A Review’, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. 69, 1/2, p. 5-26, 2021.
10. Zieliński, S., Lee, H., Antoniuk, P. & Dadan, O., ‘A Comparison of Human against Machine-Classification of Spatial Audio Scenes in Binaural Recordings of Music’, Applied Sciences. 10, 17, 24 p., 5956, 2020.
11. Berwick, N. and Lee, H. ‘Spatial Unmasking Effect on Speech Reception Threshold in the Median Plane’, Applied Sciences, 10 (15), pp. 5257, 2020.
12. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. ‘The Perception of Band-Limited Decorrelation Between Vertically Oriented Loudspeakers’, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, 28, pp. 876-888, 2020.
13. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. ‘Localisation of Vertical Auditory Phantom Image with Band-limited Reductions of Vertical Interchannel Crosstalk’, Applied Sciences, 10 (4), pp. 1490, 2020.
14. Wallis, R., Harris, E., Lee, H., Davies, W. and Astin, F. ‘Environmental noise levels in hospital settings: A rapid review of measurement techniques and implementation in hospital settings’, Accepted for publication in Noise and Health, 2020.
15. Fenton, S. and Lee, H. ‘A Perceptual Model of Punch Based on Weighted Transient Loudness’, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 67 (6), pp.429-439, 2019.
16. Zieliński, S. and Lee, H. ‘Automatic Spatial Audio Scene Classification in Binaural Recordings of Music’, Applied Sciences, 9 (22), pp. 1724, 2019.
17. Lee, H. ‘Capturing 360° Audio using an Equal Segment Microphone Array (ESMA)’, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 67 (1/2), pp. 13–26, 2019.
18. Johnson, D. and Lee, H. ‘Perceptual threshold of apparent source width in relation to the azimuth of a single reflection’, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 145, EL272, 2019.
19. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. ‘The Frequency and Loudspeaker-Azimuth Dependencies of Vertical Interchannel Decorrelation on Vertical Image Spread’, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 66 (7/8), pp. 537–555, 2018.
20. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. ‘A Comparison between Horizontal and Vertical Interchannel Decorrelation’ Applied Sciences, 7 (11), pp. 1202, 2017.
21. Lee, H. ‘Sound Source and Loudspeaker Base Angle Dependency of the Phantom Image Elevation Effect’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 65 (9), pp. 733-748, 2017.
22. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. ‘The Reduction of Vertical Interchannel Crosstalk: The Analysis of Localisation Thresholds for Natural Sound Sources’ Applied Sciences, 7 (3), pp. 278, 2017.
23. Ronan, M., Ward, N., Sazdov, R. and Lee, H. ‘The Perception of Hyper-Compression by Mastering Engineers’, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 65 (7/8), pp. 613-621, 2017.
24. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. ‘Vertical Stereophonic Localisation in the Presence of Interchannel Crosstalk: the Analysis of Frequency- Dependent Localisation Thresholds’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 64 (10), pp. 762-770, 2016.
25. Lee, H ‘Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA) for the Rendering of Vertical Image Spread with a Vertical 2D Loudspeaker Array’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 64 (12), pp. 1003-1013, 2016.
26. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. ‘The Effect of Interchannel Time Difference on Localisation in Vertical Stereophony’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 63 (10), pp. 767-776, 2015.
27. Lee, H ‘2D to 3D ambience upmixing based on perceptual band allocation’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 63 (10), pp. 811-821, 2015.
28. Lee, H. and Gribben, C. ‘Effect of Vertical Microphone Layer Spacing for a 3D Microphone Array’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 62 (12), pp. 870-884, 2014.
29. Lee, H. and Rumsey, F. ‘Level and Time Panning of Phantom Images for Musical Sources’ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 61 (12), pp. 978-988, 2013.

Book / Book Chapters

1. Patterson, J. (ed.) & Lee, H. (ed.), ‘3D Audio‘, 1st ed. New York: Routledge. 320 p. (Perspective on Music Production), 26 Jul 2021.
2. Lee, H., ‘Psychoacoustics of height perception in 3D audio‘. In: 3D Audio. Paterson, J. & Lee, H. (eds.). 1st ed. New York: Routledge, p. 82-98 17 p. (Perspectives on Music Production).

Conference Papers

1. Pawlak, A. & Lee, H. (2022) ‘Spatial Segmentation of An Early Part of The Room Impulse Response into Prominent Sound Events’ In: International Congress on Acoustics 2022.
2. Lee, H. & Johnson, D. (2022) ‘Playback level calibration by hand rubbing for remote listening test’ In: International Congress on Acoustics 2022.
3. Morell, P. A. & Lee, H., (2021) ‘Binaural Mixing of Popular Music’ In: 151st Audio Engineering Society Convention 2021. Audio Engineering Society, p. 414-418.
4. Pawlak, A., Lee, H., Makivirta, A. & Lund, T. (2021) ‘Subjective evaluation of spatial analysis and synthesis methods using different microphone arrays’ In: 2021 Immersive and 3D Audio: From Architecture to Automotive, I3DA 2021. IEEE, p. 9610905. 
5. Lee, H., Johnson, D. & Zielinski, S. K., ‘The Effect of Direct-to-Reverberant Energy Ratio on Front-Back Confusion in Binaural Reproduction’ In: 2021 Immersive and 3D Audio: From Architecture to Automotive, I3DA 2021. IEEE, 5 p. 9610831
6. Borzym, K. and Lee, H. (2020) ‘Creating Virtual Height Loudspeakers for Dolby Atmos and Auro-3D Using VHAP’ In: Audio Engineering Society 148th (Virtual Vienna) international convention, 26-28th May 2020.
7. Bacila, B. and Lee, H. (2020) ‘Listener-perspective dependency of perceived auditory attributes in a concert hall’ In: Audio Engineering Society 148th (Virtual Vienna) international convention, 26-28th May 2020.
8. Pawlak, A. and Lee, H. (2020) ‘The influence of loudspeaker-listener distance on the detection of low-bitrate audio coding artefacts’ In: Audio Engineering Society 148th (Virtual Vienna) international convention, 26-28th May 2020.
9. Lee, H. and Johnson D. (2019) ‘An Open-Access Database of 3D Microphone Array Recordings’ In: Audio Engineering Society 147th international convention, 16-19th Oct 2019, New York.
10. Johnson, D. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘A New SOFA Object Collection for Max’ In: Audio Engineering Society 147th international convention, 16-19th Oct 2019, New York.
11. Goddard, N. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘A Web-Based Tool for Microphone Array Design and Phantom Image Prediction using the Web Audio API’. In: Audio Engineering Society 146th international convention, 20-23rd Mar 2019, Dublin.
12. Roginska, A., Lee, H., Mendez. A. E., Murakami, S. and Genovese. A. (2019) ‘CityTones: a Repository of Crowdsourced Annotated Soundfield Soundscapes’. In: Audio Engineering Society 146th international convention, 20-23rd Mar 2019, Dublin.
13. Lee, H., Mironovs, M., and Johnson, D. (2019) ‘Binaural Rendering of Phantom Image Elevation using VHAP’ In: Audio Engineering Society 146th international convention, 20-23rd Mar 2019, Dublin.
14. Bacila, B. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘360° Binaural Room Impulse Response (BRIR) Database for 6DOF Spatial Perception Research’. In: Audio Engineering Society 146th international convention, 20-23rd Mar 2019, Dublin.
15. Mironovs, M. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘Localisation of natural sound sources at various azimuth and elevation angles’. In: Audio Engineering Society 146th international convention, 20-23rd Mar 2019, Dublin.
16. Millns, C. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘Vertical localisation accuracy of binauralised First Order Ambisonics across multiple horizontal positions’. In: Audio Engineering Society 146th international convention, 20-23rd Mar 2019, Dublin.
17. Lee, H., Frank, M. and Zotter, F. (2019) ‘Spatial and Timbral Fidelities of Binaural Ambisonics Decoder for Main Microphone Array Recordings’. In: Audio Engineering Society International Conference on Immersive and Interactive Audio, 27-29st Mar 2019, York.
18. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘Increasing the Vertical Image Spread of Natural Sound Sources using Band-Limited Interchannel Decorrelation’. In: Audio Engineering Society International Conference on Immersive and Interactive Audio, 27-29st Mar 2019, York.
19. Eaton, C. and Lee, H. (2019) ‘Quantifying Factors of Auditory Immersion in Virtual Reality’, In: Audio Engineering Society International Conference on Immersive and Interactive Audio, 27-29st Mar 2019, York.
20. Zielinski, S. and Lee, H. (2018) ‘Feature Extraction of Binaural Recordings for Acoustic Scene Classification’ In: Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, pp.585-588, 2018.
21. Parker, A., Fenton, S. and Lee, H. (2018) ‘Development of a Real-Time Punch Meter Plugin’, In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Intelligent Music Production, 14 Sep 2018, Huddersfield.
22. Johnson, D. and Lee, H. (2018) ‘Perceptually Optimised Virtual Room Acoustics’, In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Intelligent Music Production, 14 Sep 2018, Huddersfield.
23. Goddard, N. and Lee, H. (2018) ‘MARRS for the Web: Microphone Array Recording and Reproduction Simulator developed using the Web Audio API’, In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Intelligent Music Production, 14 Sep 2018, Huddersfield.
24. Millns, C. and Lee, H. (2018) ‘An Investigation into Spatial Attributes of 360° Microphone Techniques for Virtual Reality’, In: Audio Engineering Society 144st international convention, 23-26th May 2018, Milan.
25. Lee, H., Johnson, D. and Mironovs, M. (2018) ‘Virtual Hemispherical Amplitude Panning (VHAP): A Method for 3D Panning without Elevated Loudspeakers’, In: Audio Engineering Society 144st international convention, 23-26th May 2018, Milan.
26. Mironovs, M. and Lee, H. (2018) ‘On the Accuracy and Consistency of Sound Localisation at Various Azimuth and Elevation Angles’, In: Audio Engineering Society 144st international convention, 23-26th May 2018, Milan.
27. Hashim, R., Stiles, M., Armstrong, Carl, Chadwick, A., Lee, H. and Kearney, G. (2017) ‘Multichannel Microphone Array Recording for Popular Music Production in Virtual Reality’, In: Audio Engineering Society 143rd international convention, 8-11th Oct 2017, New York.
28. Lee, H. and Millns, C. (2017) ‘Microphone Array Impulse Response (MAIR) Library for Spatial Audio Research’. In: Audio Engineering Society 143rd international convention, 18-21st October 2017, New York
29. Fenton, S. and Lee, H. (2017) ‘Alternative Weighting Filters for Multi-Track Program Loudness Measurement’. In: AES 143rd Conference, New York, USA, October 2017, New York, USA
30. Lee, H., Johnson, D. and Mironovs, M. (2017) ‘An Interactive and Intelligent Tool for Microphone Array Design’. In: Audio Engineering Society 143rd international convention, 18-21st October 2017, New York
31. Lee, H (2017) ‘Perceptually Motivated Amplitude Panning (PMAP) for Accurate Phantom Image Localization’. In: AES 142nd International Conference, 20th-23rd May 2017, Berlin, DE
32. Johnson, D. and Lee, H. (2017) ‘Just Noticeable Difference in Apparent Source Width Depending on the Direction of a Single Reflection’. In: AES 142nd International Conference, 20th-23rd May 2017, Berlin, DE
33. Mironovs, M. and Lee, H. (2017) ‘The Influence of Source Spectrum and Loudspeaker Azimuth on Vertical Amplitude Panning’. In: AES 142nd International Conference, 20th-23rd May 2017, Berlin, DE
34. Raine Clarke, J. and Lee, H. (2017) ‘The Effects of Decreasing the Magnitude of Elevation-Dependent Notches in HRTFs on Median Plane Localization’. In: AES 142nd International Conference, 20th-23rd May 2017, Berlin, DE
35. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. (2017) ‘The Perceptual Effect of Vertical Interchannel Decorrelation on Vertical Image Spread at Different Azimuth Positions’. In: AES 142nd International Conference, 20th-23rd May 2017, Berlin, DE
36. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘The frequency dependency of localisation thresholds in the presence of reflections’. In: TMT Proceedings 2016: VDT. ISBN 978-3-9812830-7-5
37. Lee, H (2016) ‘Capturing and Rendering 360º VR Audio Using Cardioid Microphones’. In: AES Conference on Audio for Augmented and Virtual Reality, 30 Sep – 1 Oct 2016, Los Angeles, USA
38. Lee, H (2016) ‘Phantom Image Elevation Explained’. In: Audio Engineering Society the 141st International Convention, 29 Sep – 2 Oct, Los Angeles, USA
39. Fenton, S., Lee, H. and Wakefield, J. (2016) ‘Evaluation of a Perceptually-Based Model of “Punch” with Music Material’. In: AES 141st Convention, 28th September-2 October 2016, LA Convention Centre, LA, USA
40. Lee, H (2016) ‘Towards the development of intelligent microphone array designer’. In: The 2nd AES Workshop on Intelligent Music Production, 13th September 2016, Willoughby Lecture Theatre, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ Charterhouse Square London
41. Lee, H (2016) ‘Perceptually Motivated 3D Diffuse Field Upmixing’. In: 2016 AES International Conference on Sound Field Control, 18th – 20th July 2016, Guildford, UK
42. Clarke, J. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘The Effects of Decreasing the Magnitude of Elevationdependent notches in HRTFs on Median Plane Localisation’. In: Interactive Audio Systems Symposium 2016, 23rd September 2016, University of York
43. Mironovs, M. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘Vertical Amplitude Panning for Various Types of Sound Sources’. In: Interactive Audio Systems Symposium 2016, 23rd September 2016, University of York
44. Johnson, D. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘Taking advantage of geometric acoustics modeling using metadata’. In: Interactive Audio Systems Symposium 2016, 23rd September 2016, University of York
45. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘The Perception of Vertical Image Spread by Interchannel Decorrelation’. In: Audio Engineering Society 140th International Convention, 4th – 7th June 2016, Paris, France
46. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘The Reduction of Vertical Interchannel Crosstalk: The Analysis of Localization Thresholds for Musical Sources’. In: Audio Engineering Society 140th International Convention, 4th – 7th June 2016, Paris, France
47. Robotham, T., Stephenson, M. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘The Effect of a Vertical Reflection on the Relationship between Preference and Perceived Change in Timbre and Spatial Attributes’. In: Audio Engineering Society 140th International Convention, 4th – 7th June 2016, Paris, France
48. Johnson, D. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘Investigation into the Perceptual Effects of Image Source Method Order’. In: Audio Engineering Society 140th International Convention, 4th – 7th June 2016, Paris, France
49. Lee, H., Johnson, D. and Mironovs, M. (2016) ‘A New Response Method for Auditory Localization and Spread Tests’. In: Audio Engineering Society 140th International Convention, 4th – 7th June 2016, Paris, France
50. Davis, L. and Lee, H. (2016) ‘Echo Thresholds for a 3-D Loudspeaker Configuration’. In: Audio Engineering Society 140th International Convention, 4th – 7th June 2016, Paris, France
51. Fenton, S. and Lee, H. (2015) ‘Towards a Perceptual Model of ‘Punch’ in Musical Signals’. In: 139th International AES Convention, 29th October – 1st November 2015, New York, USA
52. Lee, H (2015) ‘Investigation on the Phantom Image Elevation Effect’. In: 139th Audio Engineering Society Convention, 29th October – 1st November 2015, New York City
53. Lee, H (2015) ‘Evaluation of the Phantom Image Effect for Phantom Images’. In: 3rd International Conference on Spatial Audio (ICSA), 18-20 Sep 2015, Graz, Austria
54. Fenton, S., Lee, H. and Wakefield, J. (2015) ‘Hybrid Multiresolution Analysis Of ‘Punch’ In Musical Signals’. In: 138th Annual Audio Engineering Society AES Convention, 7th-10th May 2015, Warsaw, Poland
55. Lee, H (2015) ‘Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA) for the rendering of vertical image spread’. In: 138th Annual Audio Engineering Society AES Convention, 7th-10th May 2015, Warsaw, Poland
56. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. (2015) ‘Towards the development of a universal listening test interface generator in Max’. In: 138th Annual Audio Engineering Society AES Convention, 7th-10th May 2015, Warsaw, Poland
57. Johnson, D., Harker, A. and Lee, H. (2015) ‘HAART: a new impulse response toolbox for spatial audio research’. In: 138th Annual Audio Engineering Society AES Convention, 7th-10th May 2015, Warsaw, Poland
58. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. (2015) ‘Directional bands revisited’. In: 138th Annual AES Convention, 7th-10th May 2015, Warsaw, Poland
59. Wendl, M. and Lee, H. (2015) ‘The effect of dynamic range compression for octave bands of pink noise in relation to crest factor’. In: 138th Annual Audio Engineering Society AES Convention, 7th-10th May 2015, Warsaw, Poland
60. Crawford-Emery, R. and Lee, H. (2014) ‘The subjective effect of BRIR length perceived headphone sound externalisation and tonal colouration’. In: 136th Audio Engineering Society Convention, 26th-29th April 2014, Berlin, Germany
61. Fenton, S., Lee, H. and Wakefield, J. (2014) ‘Elicitation and Objective Grading of ‘Punch’ Within Produced Music’. In: 136th International Audio Engineering Society Convention, 26th-29th April 2014, Berlin, Germany , p. 9043
62. Gribben, C. and Lee, H. (2014) ‘The Perceptual Effects of Horizontal and Vertical Interchannel Decorrelation, using the Lauridsen Decorrelator’. In: AES 136th Convention. : AES. p. 9027.
63. Wallis, R. and Lee, H. (2014) ‘Investigation into Vertical Stereophonic Localisation in the Presence of Interchannel Crosstalk’. In: AES 136th Convention. : AES. p. 9026.
64. Wendl, M. and Lee, H. (2014) ‘The Effect of Dynamic Range Compression on Loudness and Quality Perception in Relation to Crest Factor’. In: AES 136th Convention. : AES. p. 9021.
65. Lee, H (2014) ‘2D to 3D Upmixing based on Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA)’. In: AES 136th Convention. : AES. p. 9079.
66. Stenzel, H., Scuda, U. and Lee, H. (2014) ‘Localization and Masking Thresholds of Diagonally Positioned Sound Sources and Their Relationship to Interchannel Time and Level Differences’. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Spatial Audio 2014. Erlangen, Germany: Verband Deutscher Tonmeister. . ISBN 978-3-98 12830-4-4
67. Scuda, U., Stenzel, H. and Lee, H. (2014) ‘Perception of Elevated Sound Image Recorded with 3D-Audio Microphone Arrays’. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Spatial Audio 2014. Erlangen, Germany: Verband Deutscher Tonmeister. . ISBN ISBN 978-3-98 12830-4-4
68. Lee, H., Gribben, C. and Wallis, R. (2014) ‘Psychoacoustic Considerations in Surround Sound with Height’. In: 28th Tonmeistertagung: tmt 28, 20th-23rd November 2014, Cologne, Germany
69. Lee, H (2013) ‘Apparent Source Width and Listener Envelopment in Relation to Source-Listener Distance’. In: AES 52nd International Conference – Sound Field Control, 2nd-4th September 2013, Guildford, UK , pp. 1-6
70. Lee, H. and Gribben, C. (2013) ‘On the optimum microphone array configuration for height channels’. In: Audio Engineering Society134th International AES Convention, 4-7 May 2013, Rome, Italy
71. Lee, H (2012) ‘Subjective Evaluations of Perspective Control Microphone Array (PCMA)’. In: 132nd Audio Engineering Society Convention, 26-29 April 2012, Budapest, Hungary
72. Lee, H (2011) ‘The Relationship between Interchannel Time and Level Differences in Vertical Localisation and Masking’. In: 131st Audio Engineering Society Convention, New York, USA
73. Lee, H (2011) ‘A New Multichannel Microphone Technique for Effective Perspective Control’. In: 130th Audio Engineering Society AES Convention, 13-16 May 2011, London, UK
74. Lee, H (2010) ‘A new time and intensity trade-off function for localisation of natural sound sources’. In: Audio Engineering Society 128th Convention, 22-25 May 2010, London, UK
75. Lee, H., Mason, R. and Rumsey, F. (2007) ‘Perceptually modelled effects of interchannel crosstalk in multichannel microphone technique’. In: Audio Engineering Society 123rd Convention, 5-8 Oct 2007, New York, USA
76. Kassier, R., Lee, H., Brookes, T. and Rumsey, F. (2005) ‘An informal comparison between surround microphone techniques’. In: Audio Engineering Society 118th Convention, 28-31 May 2005, Barcelona, Spain
77. Lee, H. and Rumsey, F. (2005) ‘Investigation into the Effect of Interchannel Crosstalk in Multichannel Microphone Technique’. In: Audio Engineering Society 118th Convention, 28-31 May 2005, Barcelona, Spain
78. Lee, H. and Rumsey, F. (2004) ‘Elicitation and Grading of Subjective Attributes of 2-channel Phantom Images’. In: Audio Engineering Society 116th Convention, 8-11 May 2004, Berlin, Germany